Theoretical and Applied Principles of Supply Chain Management under Crisis Economic Conditions: Strategic Aspect

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It is clear that until February 24, 2022, almost no one dealt with logistics issues during the war, especially among domestic specialists.However, the realities of russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine forced the logistics management systems that were not ready for these challenges to react with lightning speed.Therefore, the problematics is relevant.
The purpose of the article is to determine the essence and features of strategic supply chain management in crisis economic conditions.
Outline of the main results and their justification.First of all, it is necessary to clearly define the essence of the concept of «supply chain».In foreign scientific literature, the term «supply chain» began to be used alongside «logistics system», and recently this trend has been observed in domestic science as well.What is more, until the moment of the formation of integrated logistics, the concept of «supply chain» was identified with the term «logistics chain» [2; 15; 18].These concepts were used almost synonymously.The separation of interpretation occurred due to the implementation of an independent paradigm of the supply chain management system (SCM).According to most scientists, the starting point for the further development of the concept of «supply chain Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(70), 2022 management» was the desire to reduce (minimize) the level of uncertainty based on methods, cooperation models, a multi-level inventory management system, etc. [1-2; 12; 17-18; 25].This process took place in a timely manner and is extremely important for science and practice.After all, the logistics chain is linearly organized legal and physical entities that directly participate in the delivery of necessary resources (materials) and/or finished products to a specific recipient (consumer) [2; 17; 23-24].
At the same time, the supply chain is generally understood as a complex combination of all types of business processes (design (development), production (provision, if it is a service and execution, if it is work), sale, maintenance, procurement, distribution , resource management, etc.), which are necessary for the effective satisfaction of demand for products (services, work), starting from the initial receipt of initial resources (material, financial, informational, etc.) and right up to the moment of delivery to the final consumer [13; 18-19].That is, in the structure of the supply chain, it is possible to distinguish complete logistics chains, which, in turn, contain all the key links, stages of the reproductive process, starting from raw material sources and ending with final consumers.Flows (input and output) collectively make up the maximum supply chain [13; 18].
In particular, scientists J. Stock and D. Lambert not only clearly and unambiguously interpreted the essence of the concept of «supply chain management» but also established its content [18; 21].According to their definition, its essence lies in the integration of all key business processes that originate from end users, covering all suppliers of goods (services, works, information), adding value to consumers and other stakeholders [1; 15; 18].This interpretation, having a substantive character, also determines the scope of competence of this type of management [18].Experts identify the following three reference models of supply chain management: -SCOR-model (Supply Chain Operations Reference Model), -СPFR-model (Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment Model), -GSCF-model (Global Supply Chain Forum Model) [7; 9].
Based on our analysis, we will present a comparative characteristic of these models (Table 1).The corporate information systems and the use of Internet technologies have given a new impetus to the harmonious development of supply chain management systems.They have contributed to a significant increase in the efficiency of coordinating processes in supply chains.
Innovative information and communication technologies have become an environment for ensuring and improving the efficiency of supply chains, a powerful tool for the harmonious and sustainable development of the latest supply chain management concepts (Table 1).
Thanks to the information and communication technologies, it has become possible to implement one of the main (conceptual) ideas of the supply chain management system, namely: information coordination, synchronization of demand and supply.
It is integration and coordination that fundamentally distinguishes the supply chain management systems from traditional concepts of intercompany cooperation.
The supply chain management system is rapidly evolving, becoming increasingly important for industrial, logistics, trade and other enterprises.
The practice of supply chain management has proven the effectiveness of building, analyzing, and monitoring business processes based on an integrated consideration of all areas and elements of the product (service) value creation process, not just costs and profits, without taking into account the impact of interorganizational relations with suppliers, customer relations, etc.
Foreign and domestic experiences demonstrate a wide variety of integration forms applied in supply chain interaction.
It is systemic logistics enterprises (often in the form of vertically integrated companies) that are developing in a natural, harmonious and sustainable manner.
These structures possess the necessary organizational, financial, and intellectual capital and have the administrative resources to quickly and efficiently solve various tasks of a tactical, operational, and even strategic nature.
Thus, a new vision of economic transformation is being established in logistics practice.Integration into global production networks will allow countries (including Ukraine) to reveal their comparative advantages by focusing on specific tasks and industries.
Let's analyze the strategies available in the global economy (Table 2).Modern production systems have become the end result of the dynamism of production factors, distribution and production networks.
Therefore, the key issue is for an enterprise to choose from the existing corporate strategies for its expansion.
The modern globalized economy is characterized by an additional effect that has arisen due to the elimination of geographical, sectoral, and intracorporate barriers.The effect is due to (Table 2) systemic integration, globalization and cooperation.
The current scale of partnership between previously competing corporations is driven by the urgent need to reduce uncertainty and risk in supply chain interactions.This is the dominant factor that plays a crucial and strategic role in the functioning of supply chain security management systems.
In general, in order to establish the cumulative impact of all business processes on the level of supply chain performance, which will allow to approach the measurement of their synergistic effect, it is necessary to ensure continuous monitoring of indicators in two Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(70), 2022 areas [15,16]: process (through a set of process indicators that will characterize the level of process performance according to the selected model (Tables 1,  2) and system (through a set of indicators of the level of supply chain performance) [15,16].
Conclusions from the conducted research.New opportunities have led to the expansion of services, services in the field of inter-sectoral, inter-corporate interaction, achieving synergy effects through the use of models of strategic behavior within the framework of the supply chain management concept.The level of efficiency of the logistics activities of the domestic economy is directly dependent on the processes of formation of effective supply chains by national enterprises and implementation of supply chain management principles.Under crisis economic conditions (including market volatility, destruction of well-established supply chains, in particular due to military operations), there is a need for a quick response, complete modernization and adaptation of the logistics services offered throughout the supply chain.Forming and offering the market the latest, most advanced, adaptive services to customers will help balance the unpredictability of the market with the need to obtain a stable and growing level of profitability.Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(70), 2022 25.Kwilinski А., Pajak К., Halachenko О., Vasylchak S., Pushak Ya., Kuzior Р. Marketing tools for improving enterprise performance in the context of social and economic security of the state: innovative approaches to assessment.Marketing and Management of Innovations.2019.№ 4. Р. 172-181.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.4-14.

Zaverbnyj A., Pushak H. Theoretical and Applied Principles of Supply Chain Management under Crisis Economic Conditions: Strategic Aspect
The article highlights the main methodological and strategic aspects of supply chain management under crisis economic conditions.The authors defined the essence of the concept of «supply chain».In the supply chain structure, it is possible to distinguish complete logistics chains, which, in turn, contain all key links and stages of the reproduction process, starting from raw material sources and ending with final consumers.New tasks related to the formation of rational logistics chains, supply chains and the construction of effective systems of their management have been analyzed.Comparative characteristic of supply chain management models is given.The key characteristic features include structural and conceptual, the level of interconnection with the enterprise strategy, the breadth of the set of activities, intra-organizational connections, inter-organizational connections, value forming factors, information support, etc.
A new vision of economic transformation is established in logistics practice.Integration into global production networks will allow countries (especially Ukraine) to reveal their comparative advantages by focusing on specific tasks and industries.
Modern production systems, which have become the end result of the dynamism of production factors, distribution and production networks, have been studied.The critical problems regarding the choice of existing corporate strategies by enterprises for their further effective expansion have been highlighted.The strategies available in the global economy have been analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages have been highlighted.
In general, to establish the cumulative impact of all business processes on the level of performance of the supply chain, which will allow us to approach the measurement of the level of their synergistic effect, it is necessary to ensure constant monitoring of indicators in two areas: process and system.
Under crisis economic conditions (in particular, instability of markets, destruction of well-established supply chains, in particular, due to military actions), there is a need for a quick response, complete modernization, and adaptation of the proposed logistics services throughout the supply chain.It has been proposed to form and offer a market of the latest, perfect, adaptive services to clients, which will allow balancing the unpredictability of the market with the need to obtain a stable, growing level of profitability.
Received by the editors 04.11.2022